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GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION, GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION AND HYBRIDIZATION IN GULLS OF THE LARUS GLAUCESCENS-OCCIDENTALIS COMPLEX
DOUGLAS A. BELL IN: The Condor 98:527-546, 1996
TABLE 7. Presumptive genetic loci at colony areas that reveal significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium as indicated by either the chi-square goodness-of-fit test or the exact significance probability (Pr) test (Haldane 1954), morphotypes pooled (Table 1). Four colony areas,TAT11,PRO12,GRA14,and ESI17, are located within the hybrid zone. Fixation Index (F) measures the standard deviation of the observed heterozygote frequency from the frequency expected under Hardy-Weinberg (Hedrick 1983). Here, positive values for F indicate heterozygote deficiency.
| Colony area |
Locus |
chi-square (a) |
Pr (b) |
F |
| BULD1 |
LDH |
19.059** |
0.053 |
1.000 |
| TAT11 |
PAP |
7.565 |
0.011* |
0.419 |
| . |
ADA |
12.154** |
0.075 |
0.474 |
| PRO12 |
LA |
5.880 |
0.038* |
0.547 |
| . |
MDHP |
5.067 |
0.045* |
0.514 |
| GRA14 |
PAP |
6.618 |
0.016* |
0.467 |
| ESI17 |
LGG |
53.020** |
0.019* |
1.000 |
| . |
PAP |
4.743 |
0.050* |
0.400 |
| CCY21 |
PAP |
9.006 |
0.007* |
0.709 |
| ANA31 |
EST-2 |
4.614 |
0.047* |
0.362 |
| LCO33 |
MDHP |
9.000 |
0.007* |
-1.000 |
a ** = P < 0.0015; modified significance level in simultaneous chi-square tests (Cooper 1968), see text.
b * = P < 0.05 |
TABLE 1. Locations of the 33 colony areas where specimens of the L. glaucescens-occidentalis complex were collected. Except for L. o. wymani, sample sizes (n) refer to specimens identified a posteriori. Alphanumeric codes correspond to numbered localities in Figure 1. |
Alphanumeric
codes |
Colony area |
L. glaucescens
n |
Hybrids
n |
L.o. occidentalis
n |
L.o. wymani
n |
| BULD1 |
Buldir I., Aleutian Is., AK |
19 |
. |
. |
. |
| KACH2 |
Kachemak Bay, AK |
8 |
. |
. |
. |
| MIDD3 |
Middleton I., AK |
20 |
. |
. |
. |
| MASS4 |
Masset, Queen Charlotte Is., BC |
13 |
2 |
. |
. |
| CUMS5 |
Cumshewa, Queen Charlotte Is., BC |
29 |
4 |
. |
. |
| STJA6 |
St. James I., Queen Charlotte Is., BC |
14 |
1 |
. |
. |
| NVAN7 |
Northern Vancouver I., BC |
9 |
5 |
. |
. |
| GEOR8 |
Georgia Strait, BC |
15 |
6 |
. |
. |
| CLEL9 |
Cleland I., BC |
14 |
13 |
. |
. |
| SJI10 |
San Juan Is., WA |
23 |
17 |
. |
. |
| TAT11 |
Tatoosh I., WA |
14 |
26 |
1 |
. |
| PRO12 |
Protection I., WA |
8 |
8 |
1 |
. |
| DES13 |
Destruction I., WA |
. |
13 |
5 |
. |
| GRA14 |
Grays Harbor, WA |
6 |
24 |
16 |
. |
| PUG15 |
Puget Sound, WA |
27 |
17 |
. |
. |
| WIL16 |
Willapa Bay, WA |
2 |
11 |
4 |
. |
| ESI17 |
East Sand Island, OR |
3 |
21 |
3 |
. |
| TIL18 |
Tillamook, OR |
. |
2 |
12 |
. |
| YAQ19 |
Yaquina Bay, OR |
2 |
8 |
8 |
. |
| COO20 |
Coos Bay, OR |
2 |
3 |
25 |
. |
| CCY21 |
Crescent City, CA |
. |
. |
16 |
. |
| TRN22 |
Trinidad, CA |
. |
. |
16 |
. |
| SUG23 |
Cape Mendocino, CA |
. |
. |
19 |
. |
| MEN24 |
Mendocino, CA |
. |
. |
16 |
. |
| PTR25 |
Point Reyes, CA |
. |
. |
14 |
. |
| FAR26 |
Farallon Is., CA |
. |
. |
27 |
. |
| SFB27 |
San Francisco Bay, CA |
. |
. |
23 |
. |
| ANO28 |
AIio Nuevo I., CA |
. |
. |
6 |
. |
| MOS29 |
Moss Landing, CA |
. |
. |
. |
11 |
| MOR30 |
Morro Bay, CA |
. |
. |
. |
13 |
| ANA31 |
Anacapa I., CA |
. |
. |
. |
32 |
| SNC32 |
San Nicolas I., CA |
. |
. |
. |
19 |
| LCO33 |
Los Coronados I., MX |
. |
. |
. |
10 |
| |
TOTAL: |
228 |
181 |
212 |
85 |
|
Glaucous-winged Gull glaucescens