Gull Research Organisation

*Page with papers on gulls, most large white-headed gulls in PDF, so it may take some time to download.* HOME ORG (last update: January 31, 2013)
Larus fuscus
Is it possible to identify Baltic and Heuglin’s Gull? Chris Gibbins In: Birding Scotland 2004	The primary moult of the Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus). Peter Stewart Severn Estuary Gull Group 2006	Identification update: moult variability in 3rd calendar-year Lesser Black-backed Gulls. (draft) T. Muusse, M. Muusse, B-J. Luijendijk & R. Altenburg In: Birding World 2005	Eerste geval van overwinterende Baltische Mantelmeeuw in Nederland. [in Dutch, English summary] Klaas van Dijk Limosa 81: 151-153 (2008).
Phenotypic characteristics and moult commencement in breeding Dutch Herring Gulls Larus argentatus & Lesser Black-Backed Gulls L. fuscus. Muusse et all. SEABIRD 24 (2011): 42–59	Moult plates coming with: The primary moult of the Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus). Peter Stewart Severn Estuary Gull Group 2006	Migration patterns of adult and juvenile Lesser Black-backed Gulls Larus fuscus from northern Norway. Morten Helberg et all. Ardea 97 (3) 2009.	Hop or jump: Autumn migration strategies of Lesser Blackbacked Gulls Larus fuscus as revealed by satellite tracking. Kube, J., A.J. Helbig, R. Juvaste, K. Pedersen, C. Rahbek & P. Saurola
Moult and plumage variation in immature Lesser Black-backed Gulls in the Netherlands by Rik Winters IN: Dutch Birding 2006. part 1, part 2, part 3, part 4, part 5, part 6.	Moult sequence in second calendar year BalticGull at Amsterdam ín May 2006 Ruud G M Altenburg et all.	Restricted moult in second calendar-year Baltic Gull Ruud G M Altenburg et all IN: Dutch Birding 2006 162-164.	The influence of colour-rings on recovery rates of Herring and Lesser Black-backed Gulls. C. B. Shedden, P. Monaghan, K. Ensor and N. B. Metcalfe In Ringing and Migration 1985 Original link
Caluta No 1 - March 2010. Articles: 1. Plumage development and ageing of Baltic Gull by A. Lindholm & A. Forsten 2. Timing of primary moult in large gull taxa at five locations in Europe by R. Ahmed et all.	The Lesser Black-backed Gull, Larus fuscus, in Greenland BY: D. BOERTMANN IN: ARCTIC, VOL. 61, NO. 2 (JUNE 2008) P. 129– 133	Field identification criteria for second calendar-year Baltic Gull Ruud Altenburg, Ies Meulmeester, Mars Muusse, Theo Muusse & Pim Wolf IN: Dutch Birding 33: 304-311, 2011	Migration pattern of Icelandic Lesser Black-backed Gulls L fuscus graellsii: indications of a leap-frog system. Gunnar Thor Hallgrimsson et all. IN: J Ornithol (2012) 153:603–609.
Nominate Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus fuscus) winter in the Congo basin. Henrik Kylin, Michel Louette, Paul Herroelen & Henk Bouwman IN: Ornis Fennica 87:106–113. 2010	Distributions of the subspecies of Lesser Black-backed Gulls Larus fuscus in sub-Saharan Africa. HENRIK KYLIN, HENK BOUWMAN and MICHEL LOUETTE IN: Bird Study (2011) 58, 186–192	Feeding behaviour and food resources of Lesser Black-backed Gulls and Herring Gulls at Texel (Dutch, + summary) Kees (CJ) Camphuysen, Jacintha van Dijk, Hans Witte & Nora Spaans NIOZ Rapport 2008-12	From fledging to breeding: long-term satellite tracking of the migratory behaviour of a Lesser Black-backed Gull L fuscus intermedius K. PÜTZ, A.J. HELBIG, K.T. PEDERSEN, C. RAHBEK, P. SAUROLA and R. JUVASTE IN: Migration (2008) 24, 7–10.
Intra-specific interactions influence egg composition in the Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus). N. Verboven, N.P. Evans, L. D’Alba, R.G. Nager, J.D. Blount, P.F. Surai & P. Monaghan In Behav Ecol SocioBiol 2005	SEAPOP short report 2009-9. Studies of lesser black-backed gulls in northern Norway. Jan Ove Bustnes.	De voedselkeuze van Kleine Mantelmeeuwen en Zilvermeeuwen en andere indicaties die aanwijzingen geven over het ruimtegebruik van deze vogelsoorten in de Noordhollandse kustwateren. NIOZ report by Kees (CJ) Camphuysen, Jacintha van Dijk, Hans Witte & Nora Spaans.	Background document for Lesser black backed gull Larus fuscus fuscus - OSPAR Convention -
Parental condition, brood sex ratio and differential young survival: an experimental study in gulls (Larus fuscus). R.G. Nager, P. Lonaghan, D.C. Houston & M. Genovart In Behav Ecol SocioBiol 2000	Status van Baltische Mantelmeeuw in Nederland W (Ted) Hoogendoorn & Peter van Scheepen	Age-related migration patterns in Larus fuscus spp. Marques, Costa, Rock & Jorge. acta ethologica 12:2, 87-92.	The nominate Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus fuscus, a gull with a tern-like feeding biology, and its recent decrease in northern Norway. Karl-Birger Strann & Wim Vader Ardea 80 (1) - 1992.
Effects of trawler discard availability on egg laying and breeding success in the lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus in the western Mediterranean. By: Daniel Oro In: MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 132: 43-46,1996	Factors effecting the breeding success of two ecologically similar gulls the Lesser black-backed gulls, Larus f. fuscus and Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, at Stora Karlsö. - Examensarbete 2006:1 - Degree project thesis Stockholm University - Emma Capandegui	Breeding by a Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus) on the Atlantic coast of North America. Julie C Ellis, Mary Caswell Stoddard, L William Clark North American Birds Vol 61 (2007) - 4	At-sea distribution and behaviour of a surfacefeeding seabird, the lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus, and its association with different prey. *Philipp Schwemmer, Stefan Garthe Research and Technology Centre (Forschungs- und Technologiezentrum), University of Kiel, Hafentörn, 25761 Büsum, Germany.**
The changing status of the Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus in Ireland. G.A. Creme, P.M. Walsh, M. O’Callaghan & T.C. Kelly In Biol and Envir Proc of the Royal Irish Academy 1997	SIGHTINGS OF COLOUR-RINGED HERRING GULLS AND LESSER BLACK-BACKED GULLS IN THE NETHERLANDS C.J. Camphuysen IN: Sula 21 -2008	The origin of Lesser Black-backed Gulls Larus fuscus wintering in central Iberia ISMAEL GALVÁN et all. IN: Ringing & Migration (2003) 21, 209-214	Distributions of the subspecies of Lesser Black-backed Gulls Larus fuscus in sub-Saharan Africa Henrik Kylin; Henk Bouwman; Michel Louette. IN: Bird Study (2011) 58, 186–192.
Organochlorine concentrations in diseased vs. healthy gull chicks from the northern Baltic. by: Martti Hario, Juha-Pekka Hirvi, Tuula Hollmen, Eeva Rudback IN: Environmental Pollution 127 (2004) 411–423.	Effects of vegetation on nest microclimate and breeding performance of lesser black-backed gulls (L fuscus). Sin-Yeon Kim & Pat Monaghan IN: J Ornithol (2005) 146.

Larus argentatus
Intergradation between the Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) and the Southern Herring Gull (Larus cachinnans) in European Russia. E.N. Panov & D.G. Monzikov In Russ J Zool 1999	Identification of adult American Herring Gull. Peter Adriaens & Bruce Mactavish Dutch Birding 2004 26: 151-179	Identification of American Herring Gull in a western European context. Lonergan, P, and Mullarney, K. Dutch Birding 2004 - 26: 1-35	Variably plumaged Icelandic Herring Gulls: high intraspecific variation in a founded population. Richard R. Snell In The Auk 1993
Raum - Zeit - Strategien der Silbermowe Larus argentatus und verwandter Taxa im westlichen Ostseeraum Ronald Klein Dissertation Universitat Rostock 2001	Scandinavian Herring Gulls wintering in Britain. J. C. Coulson, P. Monaghan, J. E. L. Butterfield, N. Duncan, K. Ensor, C. Shedden & C. Thomas Ornis Scand. 15: 79-88. Original link	Colony- and age-specific seasonal dispersal of Herring Gulls Larus argentatus breeding in The Netherlands C. J. Camphuysen, Harry J. P. Vercruijsse& Arie L. Spaans IN: J Ornithol (2011) 152: 849-868	Identifying the sex of Massachusetts Herring Gulls by linear measurements. Daniel R. Evans & Paul M. Cavanagh In J Field Ornithol 1995
Notes on the standard body measurements of two populations of Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) (in Canada). WILLIAM THRELFALL AND DAVID D. JEWER IN: The Auk, 1978	Unequal sex ratio’s and their consequences in Herring Gull (Larus argentatus). Joanna Burger & Michael Gochfeld In Behav Ecol SocioBiol 1981	Drop-catch behaviour is play in herring gulls, Larus argentatus Jennifer R. Gamblef and Daniel A. Cristolf	Comparative biology and behavior of monogamous pairs and one male-two female trios in Herring Gulls. Mary A. Fitch & Gary W. Shugart In Behav Ecol SocioBiol 1983
Is asynchronous hatching adaptive in herring gulls (Larus argentatus)? Lars Hillstrom, Mikael Kilpi & Kai Lindstrom In Behav Ecol SocioBiol 2000	Breeding of the Herring Gull in the mouth of river Piasina (Taimyr). V.I. Grabovsky	Gulls along the Belgian coast. With focus on Herring Gull and Lesser Black-backed Gull. Thesis Ghent University by Davy Bosman.	Reduced availability of refuse and breeding output in a herring gull (Larus argentatus) colony. Mikael Kilpi & Markus Ost In Ann Zool Fennici 1998
Larus fuscus and Larus argentatus: Pellet and Bolus Analysis Guide Vicky Hunt August 13th, 2006 NIOZ guide	A review of the status of the Herring Gull Larus argentatus in Spain. Álvarez-Laó, C. SEABIRD 24 (2011): 72–82	Foraging ecology of Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) and Great Black-backed Gulls (Larus marinus), with a focus in New England rocky intertidal. Michelle S. Rome Brown University - May 2002	Population dynamics, colony formation and competition in Larus argentatus, fuscus and marinus in the archipelago of Finland. Göran Bergman Ann. Zool. Fennici 19:143–164 (1982)
Lectotypification of L smithsonianus Coues, 1862 (Aves: Laridae) Storrs L. Olson & Richard C. Banks. IN: PROCEEDINGS BIO SOC WASHINGTON 120(4). 2007.	TAIL-PATTERN VARIATION IN FIRST-YEAR HERRING GULLS. S. HOWELL & J. KING IN: Western Birds.

Larus michahellis & cachinnans (see also: HERE)
Gibbins C., B.J. Small & J. Sweeney 2010. Identification of Caspian Gull. Part I: typical birds. British Birds 103: 142-183. !! PART II can be ordered at BB !!	Mittelmeermoewen (Larus michahellis) und Steppenmoewen (Larus cachinnans). In German. Martin Gottschling Der Falke 51 - 2004	*Die Kennzeichen und das Vorkommen der Weißkopfmöwe Larus cachinnans* in Europa (Link to the original webpage of Limicola)** by: Detlef Gruber Limicola 1995, Heft 3	Die Bestimmung und taxonomische Stellung der in Mitteleuropa auftretenden Weißkopfmöwen Larus cachinnans(Link to the original webpage of Limicola) Ronald Klein und Detlef Gruber: Limicola Jahrgang 1997, Heft 2
Klein, R., and A. Buchheim. 1997. Die westliche Schwarzmeerküste als Kontaktgebiet zweier Grossmöwenformen der Larus cachinnans-Grupe. Vögelwelt 118:61–70.	Titel: Die Albatrospose der Steppenmöwe Larus cachinnans Ronald Klein und Andreas Buchheim, mit Farbtafeln von Andreas Buchheim Limicola 17, Jahr 2003, Seite(n) 21-26.	Geelpootmeeuwcomplex van IJmuiden: in hoeverre zijn geelpootmeeuwen echte Geelpootmeeuwen? Fred Cottaar. Dutch Birding 26: 36-42 (2004).	The origin of 'Caspian Gulls' breeding in Poland. Grzegorz Neubauer, Magdalena Zagalska-Neubauer & Jacek Betleja British Birds 100 • September 2007 • 552–557
Atlantic Islands Yellow-legged Gulls: an identification gallery. Philippe Dubois IN: BIRDING WORLD, Vol 14-7	Identification of Caspian Gull Part 1: typical birds Chris Gibbins, Brian J. Small and John Sweeney. IN: British Birds 103 • March 2010 • 142–183.	YELLOW-LEGGED GULLS (LARUS CACHINNANS) IN NORTH AMERICA CLAUDIA WILDS & DAVID CZAPLAK IN: Wilson Bull., 106(2), 1994, pp. 344-356.	Fact sheet Gaviota Patiamarilla ( Larus cachinnans) / Catalán Gavià argentat / Gallego Gaivota patiamarela / Vasco Kaio hankahoria. 1998-2002, Andrés Bermejo y Jorge Mouriño.
Influxes of Caspian Gulls L cachinnans and Yellow-legged Gulls L. michahellis into northern Central Europe – origin, causes, course and trend. Klein & Neubauer. IN: Vogelwelt 127: 91–97, 2006.	Status of waterbirds in Asia - Results of the Asian Waterbird Census: 1987 – 2007 (incl gulls) David Li Zuo Wei, Andrea Bloem, Simon Delany, Georgios Martakis and Jose Ochoa Quintero Publ: Wetlands International 2009	Migration of Pontic Gulls Larus cachinnans form 'ponticus' ringed in the south of Ukraine: a review of recoveries from 1929 to 2003. Rudenko, A.G. 2006. IN: Waterbirds around the world	Sex differentiation of Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis lusitanius): the use of biometrics, bill morphometrics, and wing tip coloration. Arizaga, Aldalur, Herrero & Galicia. Waterbirds 31(2): 211-219 (2008).
Dispersal of yellow-legged gulls Larus michahellis ringed in Algeria: a preliminary analysis. Baaloudj et all. Ardeola 59 - June 2012.	First-Year Movements of Yellow-Legged Gull (lusitanius) from the Southeastern Bay of Biscay. Juan Arizaga et all. IN: Waterbirds 33(4):444-450. 2010	Colonization and population growth of Yellow-legged Gull Larus cachinnans in southeastern Poland: causes and influence on native species PIOTR SKÓRKA, JOANNA D. WÓJCIK & RAFAL MARTYKA IN: Ibis (2005), 147, 471–482	Sexual size dimorphism and determination of sex in Atlantic Yellow-legged Gulls Larus michahellis lusitanius from northern Spain. Galarza, Hidalgo, Ocio & Rodriquez. Ardeola 55: 41-47, 2008.
MOVEMENTS OF YELLOW-LEGGED GULLS LARUS [CACHINNANS] MICHAHELLIS FROM TWO SMALL WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN COLONIES A. MARTINEZ-ABRAIN, D. ORO, J. CARDA & X. DEL SEÑOR Atlantic Seabirds 4-3 - 2003	Do invasive species undergo metapopulation dynamics? A case study of the invasive Caspian gull, Larus cachinnans, in Poland M. Lenda et all. IN: Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2010) 37, 1824–1834	Colonization and population growth of Yellow-legged Gull Larus cachinnans in southeastern Poland: causes and influence on native species. Skórka, P., J. D. Wójcik, and R. Martyka. Ibis 2005 - 147: 471-482.	Ronald Klein & Grzegorz Neubauer: Influxes of Caspian Gulls Larus Larus cachinnans and Yellow-legged Gulls L. michahellis into northern Central Europe - origin, causes, course and trend. IN: Die Vogelwelt 2/2006
Klein, Ronald HERRING GULLS LARUS ARGENTATUS AND YELLOW-LEGGED GULLS LARUS CACHINNANS ON GARBAGE DUMPS IN MECKLENBURG (NE GERMANY) - ANALYSIS OF RINGING RECOVERIES. Vogelwelt; 115(6):267-286. 1994. In German with English summ.	Deconstructing myths on large gulls and their impact on threatened sympatric waterbirds BY: D. Oro, A. Martínez-Abraín IN: Animal Conservation,. Volume 10, Issue 1, pages 117–126, February 2007	Changes in plasma biochemistry and body mass during incubation in the Yellow-legged Gull Carlos Alonso-Alvarez, Alberto Velando, Miguel Ferrer and José A. R. Veira IN: Waterbirds 25(2): 253-258, 2002.	DESPLAZAMIENTOS DE LA GAVIOTA PATIAMARILLA LARUS CACHINNANS EN POBLACIONES DEL NORTE DE LA PENINSULA IBERICA Ignac io MUNILL IN: Ardeola 44 - 1997: p19-26
Competition between the yellow-legged gull Larus cachinnans and Audouin's gull Larus audouinii associated with commercial fishing vessels: the influence of season and fishing fleet ARCOS J. M.; ORO D.; SOL D. IN: Marine Biology 2001, vol. 139, no5, pp. 807-816	Spatial variability of seabird distribution associated with environmental factors. Patrıcia Amorim et all.	Maternal effects mediated by egg quality in the Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis in relation to laying order and embryo sex Diego Rubolini et all. IN: Frontiers in Zoology 2011, 8:24.	Birds as a Tool for Island Habitat Conservation and Management. Pedro Rodrigues and Regina Tristao da Cunha. IN: American Journal of Environmental Sciences 8 (1): 5-10, 2012
Sexual size dimorphism and determination of sex in Atlantic Yellow-legged Gulls Larus michahellis lusitanius from northern Spain. Galarza, Hidalgo, Ocio & Rodriquez. Ardeola 55: 41-47, 2008.	Habitat utilisation, feeding tactics and age related feeding efficiency in the Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans Piotr Skorka & Joanna D. Wojcik IN: J Ornithol (2008) 149:31–39	Do invasive species undergo metapopulation dynamics? A case study of the invasive Caspian gull, Larus cachinnans, in Poland. Magdalena Lenda et all. IN: Journal of Biogeography (2010) 37.	POPULATION STATUS AND DIET OF THE YELLOW-LEGGED GULL IN THE AZORES. VERÓNICA C. NEVES, NADIA MURDOCH & ROBERT W. FURNESS
Diet composition of the Caspian Gull (Larus cachinnans) in inland Poland. Robert Gwiazda et all. IN: Ornis Fennica 88:80–89. 2011.	Influence of Host Age and Sex on the Helminth Fauna of the Yellow-Legged Gull (Larus michahellis) in Galicia (North western Spain). M. F. Álvarez et all. IN: J Parasitology Vol. 92- 3 2006.	ASSORTATIVE MATING WITHOUT COMPLETE REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION IN A ZONE OF RECENT SECONDARY CONTACT BETWEEN HERRING GULLS AND CASPIAN GULLS. GRZEGORZ NEUBAUER et all. IN: The Auk 126(2): 409-419, 2009.	Diet of Yellow-legged Gull (L michahellis) chicks along the Spanish Western Mediterranean coast: the relevance of refuse dumps. Raul Ramos. IN: J Ornithol (2009) 150:265–272.
Monitoring ptaków wodno-błotnych w okresie wędrówek (L cachinnans in Poland). Monitoring of wetland birds during migration.	Directory of Azov-Black Sea Coastal Wetlands (incl Larus cachinnans). Editor: Gennadiy Marushevsky Kyiv: Wetlands International, 2003.	Effects of a small seagull colony on trophic status and primary production in a Mediterranean coastal system. Geraldina Signa et all. IN: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 111 (2012).	A widespread gull population in a complex wetland: habitat specific methods to census breeding pairs. Cecilia Soldatini et all. IN: Avocetta 33: 205-210 (2009).

Larus ridibundus
Sex- and age-related biometric variation in Black-headed Gulls (Larus ridibundus) in Western European populations. Palomares, Arroyo, Marchamalo, Sainz & Voslamber. Bird Study 1997, 44: 310-317.	Over plaatstrouw van Kokmeeuwen in Nederland tijdens de slagpenrui. Klaas van Dijk IN: LIMOSA 84 (2011): 21-25	Invloed van vangmethode op de waargeneomen sexratio bij broedende Kokmeeuwen op Griend. Klaas van Dijk & Rene Oosterhuis. Limosa 81: 94-97 (2008) English summary.	Herkomst, aantallen en broedsucces van Kokmeeuwen op Griend. Klaas van Dijk & Rene Oosterhuis. Limosa 83: 21-35 (2010) English summary.
Differences in Primary Molt and Biometrics between Adult and Second-year Black-headed Gulls in Puck Bay (Southern Baltic) WLODZIMIERZ MEISSNER IN: Waterbirds 30(1): 144-149, 2007	Differential daytime distribution by age in Black-headde Gull (Larus ridibundus): adult physical dominance or competitive superiority? H Kallander & L Rosenkvist. Ibis 142: 491-494 (2000).	Numerical and behavioural response of Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus on population growth of the expansive Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans. Piotr Skorka et all. IN: J Ornithol (2012) 153:947–961	Molecular evidence for extra-pair paternity and intraspecific brood parasitism in the Black-headed Gull. Radka Lezalova-Pialkova. IN: J Ornithol (2011) 152:291–295.
Comparative analysis reveals a possible immunity-related absence of blood parasites in Common Gulls and Black-headed Gulls. Indrikis Krams et all. IN: J Ornithol (2012) 153.	Consequences of sex-specific growth on sibling competition in black-headed gulls. Wendt Muller, Ton Groothuis & Cor Dijkstra. IN: J Ornithol (2007) 148.

Larus canus (see also: HERE)
Ostliga fiskmasars (Larus canus heinei) upptradande i Oresundsregionen. [english summary] K Bengtsson & K T Pedersen Ornis Svecica 8: 145-156 (1998)	Is it possible to age subaduh Common Gulls Larus canus? Bengtsson & Blomquist. IN: Anser 02-2003.	European Union Management Plan 2009-2011 - Larus canus Technical report 2009 - 035 Natura 2000	Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus, Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus and Common Gull Larus canus as breeding birds in Flanders, Belgium GLENN VERMEERSCH, RENAUD FLAMANT & ANNY ANSELIN Oriolus 68 - 3.
Movements and survival areas of Finnish common gulls Larus canus M Kilpi & P Saurola Ann Zool Fennici 22 - 1985: 157-168	The primary moult in four gull species near Amsterdam (incl Larus canus) J. Walters Ardea 66 - 1978	Ruim 33 jaar oude Stormmeeuw in Groningen. Klaas van Dijk & Derick Hiemstra. Dutch Birding 26: 301-304 (2004)	Habitat and nest-site selection in the Common Gull Larus canus in southern Poland. Skórka, P., J. D. Wójcik, R. Martyka, T. Babiarz, and J. Skórka. Acta Ornithologica 2006 - 41: 137–144.

Other taxa
Taimyr Gulls: evidence for Pacific winter range, with notes on morphology and breeding Klaas van Dijk, Sergei Kharitonov, Holmer Vonk & Bart Ebbinge IN: Dutch Birding 33, 2011 pag 9-21	Phenotypic variation and systematics of Mongolian Gull by Pierre Yésou IN: Dutch Birding 2001. part 1, part 2, part 3, part 4, part 5, part 6.	Status of the form barabensis within the Larus argentatus cachinnans fuscus complex. Panov & Monzikov IN: British Birds Vol 93 (2000)	Larus armenicus Fact sheet.
STAFFELMAUSER AND OTHER ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES FOR WING MOLT IN LARGER BIRDS PETER PYLE IN: Western Birds 37:179–185, 2006	AN APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF MOLTS AND PLUMAGES BY PHILIP S. HUMPHREY AND KENNETH C. PARKES IN: THE AUK, A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY. Vol.76 January 1959 No. 1	Hybridization of Glaucous Gull (Larus hyperboreus) and Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) in Iceland: mitochondrial and microsatellite data. Vigfusdottir, Palsson & Ingolfsson. Phil Trans R Soc B (2008)	Identification and Variation of Winter Adult Kumlien’s Gulls Steve N.G. Howell & Bruce Mactavish IN: Alula 1/2003.
The in-between age of the in-between Gull: Identification of second-winter Thayer's Gull. Chris Gibbins & Martin Garner.	Hybrid gulls in Belgium – an update. Peter Adriaens, Harry J. P. Vercruijsse and EricW. M. Stienen. IN: British Birds 105 • September 2012 • 530–542.	Status of the form barabensis within the 'Larus argentatus– cachinnans–fuscus complex' Evgeniy N. Panov and Dmitriy G. Monzikov. IN: British Birds 93: 227-241, May 2000.	Interbreeding of Thayer's gull Larus thayeri and Kumlien's gull Larus glaucoides kumlieni on Southampton Island, Northwest Territories. Gaston, A. J. & Decker, R. (1985). Can. Field-Nat. 99: 257-259.
30+ PDF articles on Mediterranean Gulls.	Grote Mantelmeeuw Larus marinus als nieuwe broedvogel in België. (Larus marinus, new breeding species for Belgium) HARRY J.P. VERCRUIJSSE et all. Natuur.oriolus 72(1): 1-3 (2000).	Mediterranean Gulls L melanocephalus wintering along the Mediterranean Iberian coast: numbers and activity rhythms in the species' main winter quarters. Albert Cama et all. IN: J Ornithol (2011) 152:897–907.	Hybridization and changes in the distribution of Iceland gulls (Larus glaucoides /kumlieni/ thayeri) Weir,. Kitchener & McGowan IN: J. Zool., Lond. (2000) 252.
Subspecies of the Iceland Gull. Ron Pittaway IN: ONTARIO BIRDS APRIL 1992.	THE DISTRIBUTION OF CERTAIN LARGE GULLS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AND BAJA CALIFORNIA. P. Devillets, G. McCaskie & J. Jehl.	VARIATION IN IRIS COLOR OF ADULT THAYER'S GULLS. J. KING & S. HOWELL. IN: Western Birds 30:55-56, 1999.	"THAYER'S" GULL IN THE NIAGARA FRONTIER REGION. ROBERT F. ANDRLE IN: The Auk, January 1969.
Evolution of some arctic gulls (Larus): an experimental study of isolating mechanisms - N. G. Smith. Ornithological Monographs 4-1966. REVIEW by G.M. Sutton.	A specimen of Larus glaucescens from Hudson Bay. J. Jehl IN: THE WILSON BULLETIN Vol. 86-1974.	Recent changes in the status of wintering gull populations in Utah. M. H. Tore & D. L. Fischer IN: American Birds 1988.	Status of Thayer's Gull. J. Dwight IN: The Auk 34, 1917.
ON MATURATION OF THAYER'S GULL. G. SUTTON & D. PARMELEE IN: Wilson Bull., 90(4), 1978.	Field identification of Thayer's Gull (L thayeri) in eastern North America. M. Gosselin & N. David IN: American Birds 29 (1975).	IDENTIFICATION AND MOLT OF HYBRID GLAUCOUS-WINGED GULLS J. KING & S. HOWELL IN: Western Birds 1998.	FIRST PREBASIC MOLT IN HERRING, THAYER'S, AND GLAUCOUS-WINGED GULLS S. HOWELL & J. KING IN: J. Field Ornithol. 1999.
Historical and taxonomic review of the Iceland Gull L. glaucoides complex R. McGowan & A. Kitchener IN: British Birds 94: 191-195, April 2001.	Research on gulls with help of satellite transmitters. Bruno J. Ens et all IN: SOVON, LIMOSA 82 (2009): 33-42 Dutch, with english captions and summary.	Age-specific survivorship in relation to clutch size and fledging succes in Carlifonia Gulls. Bruce H. Pugesek In Behav Ecol SocioBiol 1987	Seabirds and chronic oil pollution: Self-cleaning properties of gulls, Laridae, as revealed from colour-ring sightings. Kees (C.J.) Camphuysen IN: Marine Pollution Bulletin
Ueber die Formen der grossen Möwen (subgenus Larus) und ihre gegenseitigen Beziehungen. B. Stegmann. IN: Journ. f. Ornith. 82: 340-380, 1934.	An atlas of movements of Southwest Siberian waterbirds. (incl gulls). Veen, Yurlov, Delany, Mihantiev, Selivanova & Boere. PUBLICATION: Wetlands International – 2005	Pionierinsel - N Germany: breeding Mediterranean Gulls. Mediterranean Gull Team Hamburg, 27th July 2011	"Systematische" beschouwingen naar aanleiding van de waarneming van een Heuglins Geelpootzilvermeeuw, Larus cachinnans heuglini Bree, in Nederland. J. Kist Ardea, Juni 1961. (and continued)
The “Chandeleur” Gull, origins and identification of Kelp x Herring Gull hybrids Donna L. Dittmann & Steven W. Cardiff In Birding 2005	Removal of primary remiges and its effect on the flying ability of Glaucous-winged Gulls. Nicolaas A.M. Verbeek & Joan L. Morgan In Condor 1980	A note on large white-headed gulls in Iran. Derek A Scott. Podoces 2007, 2: 143-145.	Super-normal Clutches and Female-female Pairs in Gulls and Terns Breeding in Poland JACEK BETLEJA, PIOTR SKÓRKA AND MONIKA ZIELINSKA IN: Waterbirds 30(4): 624-629, 2007
Physiological effects of climate on distributions of endothermic species. Stephen A. Oswald et all. IN: Journal of Biogeography (2011) 38, 430–438.	Migration within the annual cycle: species, sex and age differences. Ian Newton. IN: J Ornithol (2011) 152 (Suppl 1):S169–S185	Responses to mate loss by Herring Gulls Larus argentatus and Great Black-backed Gulls Larus marinus. Greggory J. Transue and Joanna Burger ORNISS CANDINAVICA 20: 53-58 / Copenhagen 1989	A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF DETERRING GULLS FROM GLOUCESTER LANDFILL SITE FOR A TWO WEEK PERIOD IN MARCH 2004. FOR GLOUCESTERSHIRE GULL ACTION GROUP by PETER ROCK.
Egg survival is related to the colour matching of eggs to nest background in Black-tailed Gulls. Who-Seung Lee • Young-Soo Kwon • Jeong-Chil Yoo. IN: J Ornithol (2010) 151.	Bird migration on Helgoland: the yield from 100 years of research Ommo Huppop • Kathrin Huppop. IN: J Ornithol (2011) 152 (Suppl 1):S25–S40.	Birds of a feather flock together. Peter Rock In Envir Health Journ 2003 Original link	Carotenoid coloration in great black-backed gull Larus marinus reflects individual quality. Kai O. Kristiansen, Jan O. Bustnes, Ivar Folstad and Morten Helberg JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY 37: 6/12, 2006
WING-TAGGING TEMPORARILY AFFECTS TIME BUDGETS OF LARGE GULLS Jochen Bellebaum and Andreas Buchheim IN: THE RING 30, 1/2 (2008)	Sexual differences in the external measurements of Black-tailed Gull breeding on Rishiri Island, Japan. Michiyo Chochi, Yasuaki Niizuma & Masaoki Takagi In Ornithol Sci 2002.	Polarforschung - Reisen und Forschungsarbeiten deutscher Wissenschaftler in den Polargebieten" . V Sternkopf et all. IN: MEER UND MUSEUM Band 20, 2008.	Spatial patterns in the use of foraging areas and its relationship with prey resources in the threatened Olrog's Gull (Larus atlanticus). Nicolas Suarez • Marıa Valeria Retana • Pablo Yorio. IN: J Ornithol (2012) 153:861–871.
Expansion of the Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus in Poland Monika Zielinska et all. IN: J Ornithol (2007) 148:543–548	Alaska Region T. G. TOBISH, JR. Field Notes 50-3 1996.	BIRDS FROM THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS AND VICINITY K. KENYON & R. PHILLIPS IN: The Auk 82-1965.	SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF LARGE GULLS (LARUS SPP.) AGNAR INGOLFSSON IN: The Auk 86 (1969).
Carotenoid coloration in Great Black-backed Gull L marinus reflects individual quality. Kai O. Kristiansen, Jan O. Bustnes, Ivar Folstad & Morten Helberg In Journal of Avian Biology 2006	Marine birds of the Hell Gate Polynya, Nunavut, Canada Mark L. Mallory & H. Grant Gilchrist IN: Polar Research 24(1–2), 87–93 2005

Phylogeny
The Herring Gull Complex (Larus argentatus - fuscus - cachinnans) as a Model Group for Recent Holarctic Vertebrate Radiations Dorit Liebers-Helbig et all.	Introgressive hybridization and the evolutionary history of the herring gull complex revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Sternkopf et all. IN: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:348.	The Beringian Connection: Speciation in the Herring Gull assemblage in North America. Peter de Knijff Birding, July/August 2005.	Phylogeographische Differnzierung und Verwantschaftsbeziehungen von Grossmowen der Larus argentatus - fuscus - cachinnans Gruppe: Untersuchungen anderhand von DNA-Sequenzen der mitochondrialen Controll region. Dissertation von Dorit Liebers. 17 Juni 2000.
Genetic differentiation and phylogeography of gulls in the Larus cachinnans fuscus group (Aves: Charadriiformes) D. LIEBERS, A. J. HELBIG and P. DE KNIJF IN: Molecular Ecology (2001) 10, 2447-2462	The Herring Gull complex is not a ring species. D Liebers, P de Knijff, A J Helbig. Proc R Soc Lond B (2004): 271: 893-901.	Phylogeography and colonization history of Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) as revealed by mtDNA sequences. D. Liebers, A. J. Helbig, 2002 IN: Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Volume 15, November 2002	Genetic affinities within the Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) assemblage revealed by AFLP Genotyping. P de Knijff, F Denkers, N van Swelm & M Kuiper. J Mol Evol (2001) 52: 85-93.
Genetic differentiation at nuclear and mitochondrial loci among large white-headed gulls: sex-biased interspecific gene flow? P-A.Crochet et all. In Evolution 2003	Systematics of large white-headed gulls: patterns of mitochondrial DNA variation in western European taxa. P-A.Crochet, J-D. Lebreton, & F. Bonhomme In The Auk 2002	Molecular phylogeny and plumage evolution in gulls (Larini). P-A. Crochet, F. Bonhomme & J-D. Lebreton In J Evol Biol 2000	Slow rate of Evoloution in the Mitochondrial Control Regions of Gulls (Aves: Laridae). Pierre-Andre Crochet & Eric Desmarais In Mol Biol Evol 2000
Molecular and morphological patterns of introgression between two large white-headed gull species in a zone of recent secondary contact L. GAY et all. IN: Molecular Ecology (2007) 16.	GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION, GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION AND HYBRIDIZATION IN GULLS OF THE LARUS GLAUCESCENS-OCCIDENTALIS COMPLEX’ DOUGLAS A. BELLY IN: The Condor 98:527-546 (1996)	ADDITIONAL DATA ON MITOCHONDRIAL DNA OF NORTH AMERICAN LARGE GULL TAXA. Gay, Laurène, Bell, Douglas A, Crochet, Pierre-André, 2005. The Auk, 122: 684-688.	Hybridization among Arctic white-headed gulls obscures the genetic legacy of the Pleistocene Sarah A. Sonsthagen et all. IN: Ecology and Evolution 2012; 2(6).
Speciation with gene flow in the large white-headed gulls: does selection counterbalance introgression? L Gay et all. IN: Heredity (2009) 102, 133–146