Herring Gull - Zilvermeeuw (argentatus & argenteus)

(last update: 08 december 2003)

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Herring Gull adult (argentatus), August 09 2002, Tampere, Finland (61.31N,23.43E).

An adult argentatus, which shows the old outer primaries (P7-P10) and the new inner primaries (P1-P4). Note the plain grey outer greater primary coverts. On P10, the white mirror merges with the tip, without any sign of a sub-terminal band. P9 has a complete black sub-terminal band and the black on P8 and especially P7 is limited compared to West European argenteus.

From June to December, adult argentatus undergo a complete moult resulting in so-called "winter plumage". By August, the first neat streaks can be found on the crown and hind-neck. After the complete moult is finished by late autumn, the head will show extensive 'winter streaking', often neat fine streaking in sub-adult argentatus
By the end of the complete moult (sometimes mid-January in argentatus), the scapulars, mantle, all the wing-coverts, rectrices and remiges will be replaced. From June onwards, the new plain grey wing-coverts are moulted in, starting with the outermost median coverts. 

During the summer, the primaries are moulted. In adult argentatus, the last outer primary P10 will be fully grown by January (but also early December in southern populations?), a few weeks later than in West-European argenteus. First data from Tampere, Finland, indicate that 3cy argentatus from this region are not delayed in primary moult compared to argenteus

Adult northern argentatus show a different pattern in the outer primaries, compared to argenteus. In argentatus, especially from northern Scandinavia, the black marking on P5 is very limited and, if black on P5 is present, this black has diffuse edges. But often, these black sub-terminal markings are completely lacking on P5. In Baltic argentatus populations, black on P5 is confined to the outer-web, with sharply defined edges.
Argenteus
normally has a black sub-terminal band on the top of p10, dividing the tip from the mirror. If the black sub-terminal band on P10 is broken, the outer-web of p10 still shows black marking. Argentatus normally completely lacks sub-terminal markings, also on the outer-web of P10. Some argentatus completely lack black on the edge of the inner-web, creating a so-called "thayeri pattern". 

The iris is clearly yellow in summer in most argentatus, but some sub-adult argentatus will keep the iris amber to dark brown.